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1266 AD

-Marco Polo reached the Mongol capital Khanbaliq, now known as Beijing, China.

-Prince Edward storms Winchelsea in pursuit of Simon de Montford.

1265

Before August - Future King Edward I of England escapes captivity in the hands of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.

1264

The Battle of Lewes of the Second Barons' War is fought between Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and King Henry III of England in Sussex. By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his brother, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the "uncrowned king of England" for 15 months before Edward escapes captivity and recaptures the throne.

1263



- The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to the Norwegian king, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Icelandic civil war.

- Genoa captures the city of Chania on Crete from the Venetians.

- Hulagu Khan is defeated in an attempted invasion north of the Caucasus.

- Based on Magdeburg Law Żnin (Poland) was given city rights

1262

- King Mindaugas of Lithuania renounces Christianity, returning to his pagan roots and reverting to Grand Duke of Lithuania.

- The Icelandic Commonwealth enters into a treaty establishing a union with Norway and acknowledges Norwegian King Haakon IV as its ruler.

- Strasbourg becomes an Imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.

- King Henry III of England obtains a papal bull releasing him from the Provisions of Oxford, preceding the Second Barons' War, a civil war started in 1263.

1261

The population of Greenland accepts the overlordship of the King of Norway.

1260

Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.

German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes Ars Cantus Mensurabilis, in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.

1259



- September - The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea at the Battle of Pelagonia, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.

- December 4 - Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.

1258

January - One of the largest volcanic eruptions of the Holocene epoch occurs, possibly from a tropical location such as El Chichón, Mexico or Quilotoa, Ecuador. Observed effects of the eruption include the following anecdotal accounts: dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a "harsh" spring in Northern Iceland; famine in England, Western Germany, France, and Northern Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and South-East Turkey.

1257



- Robert de Sorbon founds the Collège de Sorbonne at Paris, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris in France.

- Matthew Paris, English historian, personally intreviews King Henry III of England for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora.