Re: Event of the Year
 

337 BC

A plebeian is chosen to be praetor of Rome for the first time.

Re: Event of the Year
 

339 BC

Philip II of Macedon decides to attack the Scythians, using as an excuse their reluctance to allow Philip to dedicate a statue of Heracles at the Danube estuary. The two armies clash on the plains of modern-day Dobruja. The ninety-year-old King of the Scythians, Ateas, is killed during the battle and his army is routed.

Re: Event of the Year
 

341 BC

The First Samnite War ends with Rome triumphant and the Samnites willing to make peace. The war is ended with a hasty peace agreement, owing to a revolt by Rome's Latin allies, who resent their dependence on the dominant city. Despite its brevity, the First Samnite War results in the major acquisition by Rome of the rich land of Campania with its capital of Capua.

Roman Republic

Re: Event of the Year
 

343 BC

The most powerful group of the native tribes in highland Italy, the confederated Samnites, swarm down into Campania. The citizens of the city of Capua appeal to Rome for help in settling their internal quarrels and to save their city from destruction from the Samnites. The Romans respond, which beings the First Samnite War.

Roman Republic

Re: Event of the Year
 

344 BC

The Greek philosopher and scientist, Aristotle, travels from Assus to Lesbos to study natural history, especially marine biology.

Re: Event of the Year
 

346 BC

The Peace of Philocrates is signed between Macedonia and Athens. The document agrees to a return to the status-quo, but Philip II of Macedon keeps the right to punish the Phocians for starting the Sacred War.

Re: Event of the Year
 

347 BC

Coinage is introduced into Rome for the first time

Roman Republic

Re: Event of the Year
 

349 BC

After recovering from illness, Philip II of Macedon turns his attention to the remaining Athenian controlled cities in Macedonia and to the city of Olynthus, in particular. The Athenians organise to send help.

Re: Event of the Year
 

351 BC

- The Etruscans are badly defeated by the Romans and abandon their attacks on the city and sue for peace.
- The first Roman plebeian is elected to the office of censor.

Roman Republic

Re: Event of the Year
 

352 BC

Mausolus, King and Persian satrap of Caria, dies and is succeeded by Artemisia, his sister and wife

Persian Empire